Minerals form naturally through geological processes, and have a characteristic atomic structure, particular properties, and a specific chemical formula. While hundreds of minerals have already been discovered, there are many more that have not yet been described. The study of minerals gives important information about the universe. Rock samples from the moon and Mars are giving scientists insights into how those bodies formed and ancient minerals from Earth provide evidence of early conditions on our planet.
Rocks are the main source of minerals. Many minerals are identified using their colors, luster (shine), hardness, streak, and cleavage (the way they split). Minerals can also be identified under the microscope from the way light passes through them. Other minerals need to be identified using special instruments in laboratories.
For more information about the Science of Minerals, visit the Resources page.